Which document outlines the fundamental rights and freedoms guaranteed to all U.S. citizens?

The Bill of Rights is the correct answer because it specifically enumerates the fundamental rights and freedoms guaranteed to all U.S. citizens. Ratified in 1791, this document comprises the first ten amendments to the Constitution, and it addresses essential liberties such as freedom of speech, freedom of religion, the right to bear arms, protection against unreasonable searches and seizures, and rights of the accused, among others. This set of amendments was designed to limit government power and protect individual liberties, making it a cornerstone of American democracy and civil rights.

The Declaration of Independence, while significant in proclaiming the colonies' separation from Britain and mentioning the inalienable rights to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness," does not serve as a document that outlines specific rights. The Constitution itself establishes the framework of the government and the principles of governance but does not explicitly list individual rights until the Bill of Rights was adopted. The Emancipation Proclamation, on the other hand, was a wartime measure issued by President Lincoln that aimed primarily at freeing slaves in the Confederate states and does not delineate the fundamental rights applicable to all citizens.