What principle does the separation of powers establish?

The principle of separation of powers establishes that each branch of government—executive, legislative, and judicial—has its own distinct powers and responsibilities. This framework is designed to prevent any one branch from gaining too much power, thus safeguarding the principles of democracy and promoting a system of checks and balances. Each branch operates independently, allowing it to perform its unique functions while also providing oversight of the others. This separation ensures that the laws and policies of the government are created, enforced, and interpreted in a balanced manner, which is vital for maintaining the rule of law and protecting individual rights.

Other choices suggest concepts that do not align with the actual framework of government as designed by the Constitution. The notion that all branches are equal in power overlooks the specific roles assigned to each branch, while having one ruler contradicts the foundational ideas of democracy and the prevention of tyranny. Suggesting that the legislative branch is superior undermines the intent of separation by implying a hierarchy that does not exist within this framework.