What is an amendment?

An amendment refers specifically to a change or addition made to the Constitution. The primary purpose of amendments is to address issues, clarify rights, or update the governing document as society evolves. This process allows for the Constitution to remain relevant and responsive to the needs and values of the people over time.

In the context of the U.S. Constitution, amendments can alter its text and adjust the framework of government or citizens' rights. This includes important changes such as the Bill of Rights, which outlines specific individual liberties.

The other options pertain to different aspects of government and law. For instance, a law enacted by Congress is a statute rather than an amendment. A treaty is an agreement between nations and does not change the Constitution itself. A judicial ruling refers to decisions made by courts, which interpret the law but do not modify the Constitution directly. Thus, understanding an amendment as a change or addition is crucial for grasping how constitutional law evolves.